The Reign of Ga’a in the Old Oyo Empire: A Historical Overview
Ga’a: The Notorious Kingmaker and Kingslayer
Ga’a was a formidable and ruthless political figure in the 18th century Oyo Empire, known for his ability to both make and unmake kings. His rise to power and subsequent reign of terror is a significant chapter in Yoruba history, now vividly portrayed in Bolanle Austen-Peters’ new Netflix film, House of Ga’a. This film has reignited interest in the real-life events surrounding Ga’a’s dominance.
Historical Context
Ga’a’s military prowess earned him the prestigious title of Bashorun, the highest-ranking military commander in the Oyo Empire. With this position, he exercised extraordinary influence, becoming the ultimate kingmaker and kingslayer. His story is well-documented in Samuel Johnson’s 1921 book, The History of the Yorubas from the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate, which describes Ga’a’s reputation for mystical powers, including the ability to transform into animals like leopards and elephants.
Ga’a’s Reign of Terror
During Ga’a’s tenure, five Alaafins (kings) sat on the Oyo throne, each meeting a grim fate due to his machinations. Here are the fates of these Alaafins:
- Labisi
- Historical Account: Ga’a became Bashorun on the 17th day of Labisi’s installation. Swiftly taking over, Ga’a prevented Labisi from ascending the throne and eliminated his supporters. Eventually, Labisi committed suicide.
- Film Portrayal: In House of Ga’a, Labisi (played by Kunle Coker) appoints Ga’a (Femi Branch) as Bashorun after a victorious battle. Resentful of Labisi, Ga’a coerces him into suicide.
- Awonbioju
- Historical Account: Ga’a installed Awonbioju as Alaafin but demanded homage, a reversal of traditional authority. When Awonbioju refused, Ga’a had him killed.
- Film Portrayal: Awonbioju (played by Muyiwa Ademola) dies from a snake bite, a manifestation of Ga’a’s dark powers.
- Agboluaje
- Historical Account: Non-confrontational Agboluaje incurred Ga’a’s wrath for being outdressed at a festival. Facing Ga’a’s aggression, Agboluaje poisoned himself.
- Film Portrayal: Agboluaje (played by Gbenga Titiloye) hangs himself after a severe rebuke from Ga’a.
- Majeogbe
- Historical Account: A formidable opponent, Majeogbe fortified himself with charms but still fell to Ga’a’s influence. He managed to poison Ga’a, crippling him, but was eventually overpowered and killed.
- Film Portrayal: Majeogbe (played by Dele Odule) is killed by Ga’a’s mystic powers before Ga’a becomes temporarily crippled.
Ga’a’s Downfall
Ga’a’s reign ended during the rule of Abiodun Adegoolu, who initially showed submission to Ga’a. The fall of Ga’a marked the beginning of the decline of the Oyo Empire, as his military structures and networks were dismantled, leaving the empire vulnerable.
House of Ga’a and Historical Reflection
House of Ga’a offers a cinematic exploration of Ga’a’s life and his impact on the Oyo Empire, echoing themes from Adebayo Faleti’s earlier film on the same subject. Ga’a’s story serves as a powerful reminder of the dangers of absolute power and the complexities of historical political dynamics. The film, with Femi Branch’s portrayal of Ga’a, brings this dramatic period of Yoruba history to a global audience, sparking renewed interest and reflection on the past.