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Plateau State local government elections set for October 9

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The Plateau State Independent Electoral Commission (PLASIEC) has announced that local government elections in Plateau State will be held on October 9, 2024. This announcement, made by PLASIEC Chairman Planji Cishak at a press conference in Jos, aligns with the commission’s mandate under the PLASIEC Law, 2016, and constitutional provisions.

Here are key dates and procedures related to the upcoming elections:

1. **Nomination Forms Collection:** Prospective candidates for the positions of chairmen and councillors can obtain nomination forms from the PLASIEC office in Jos from August 9 to August 13, 2024.

2. **Campaign Period:** Political parties are allowed to commence campaigns from July 12, 2024.

3. **Primary Elections:** Political parties will conduct their primary elections and resolve disputes from July 29 to August 8, 2024.

4. **Nomination Forms Submission:** Political parties are required to submit nomination forms for their candidates from August 14 to August 19, 2024.

5. **Publication of Candidates’ Particulars:** The commission will publish the personal particulars of candidates on August 21, 2024.

6. **Verification and Screening:**
– Chairmanship candidates’ verification and screening will take place from August 22 to August 24, 2024.
– Councillorship candidates’ verification and screening are scheduled for August 26 to August 30, 2024.

7. **Withdrawal and Replacement of Candidates:** Candidates can withdraw or be replaced until September 9, 2024.

PLASIEC Chairman Cishak emphasized the importance of cooperation from all political parties and stakeholders to ensure a free, fair, credible, and transparent election process in Plateau State.

Mass protest looms if food prices keep rising – Lawan

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Senator Ahmad Lawan’s warning about potential protests due to increased food prices and electricity tariffs underscores the growing economic challenges facing Nigerians. He emphasized the need for urgent collaboration among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to mitigate these issues. Lawan’s remarks came during a Senate debate initiated by Senator Sunday Karimi from Kogi West, who highlighted a staggering 300 percent increase in the cost of basic food items following the removal of petrol subsidies. The Senate approved a motion urging government ministries and agencies to address these pressing concerns, reflecting broader concerns about food insecurity and economic hardship in Nigeria.

Asake, Fireboy, Wizkid, and other stars set to drop projects in second half of 2024

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2024 promises to be a bustling year for Nigerian music, with several prominent artists gearing up to release new projects in the second half of the year. Here’s a rundown of some of the anticipated releases:

1. **Rema** – Sophomore album titled ‘He Is’
2. **Chike** – Third album titled ‘Son of Chike’
3. **Asake** – ‘Lungu Boy’ album, coinciding with a summer tour
4. **Fireboy** – Fourth album, preceded by singles like ‘Everyday’ and ‘Obaasima’
5. **Oxlade** – Debut album titled ‘Oxlade From Africa’
6. **Wizkid** – ‘Morayo’ album, dedicated to his late mother
7. **Peruzzi** – ‘Sabali’
8. **SDC (Show Dem Camp), Cavemen, Nsikak** – Collaborative project ‘No Love In Lagos’
9. **ID Cabasa** – ‘Unfinished Business’
10. **Pretty Boy DO** – ‘Pretty Please’
11. **Maleek Berry** – ‘If Only Love Was Enough’
12. **Sarz & Wurld** – ‘I Love Girls With Trobul 2’
13. **Anti World Gangsters** – ‘Gang Business 2’
14. **LaxyBBK** – ‘The Mask II’
15. **Minz** – ‘By Any Minz’
16. **Lojay** – Project details to be announced
17. **Yemi Alade, Timaya, ODUMODUBLVCK** – Projects with details to be announced

These releases span a variety of genres and styles, reflecting the diversity and vibrancy of Nigerian music. Fans can expect a rich tapestry of sounds and narratives as these artists prepare to unveil their latest musical offerings throughout the remainder of 2024.

Guguru Studios gets ₦135 million to co-produce musical on illegal mining in Ghana

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Guguru Studios, a Nigerian film production company known for its work in various genres including the black and white fantasy thriller “Mami Water” by C.J. Obasi, has recently been awarded a significant grant alongside three other African studios. The grant totals €80,000 (about ₦135 million) and aims to fund the production of a musical drama titled “A Dream To Die For.” This film will highlight the issue of illegal small-scale gold mining, known as ‘galamsey,’ in Ghana.

The grant winners include Guguru Studios from Nigeria, alongside Driving Park Limited and AdomiBridge Studios from Ghana, and Togo Films from Togo. This initiative is supported financially by the European Union in collaboration with the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (ACP), and partnerships with the International Organisation of La Francophonie (OIF) and Creation Africa Ghana, an initiative of the French embassy in Ghana.

“A Dream To Die For,” written by David Masterwille, will focus on a group of young musicians caught up in the galamsey economy, shedding light on the social and economic implications of illegal mining in Ghana. This co-production effort is seen as a significant step in fostering cross-cultural collaboration and enhancing the African film industry’s growth.

Juliet Yaa Asantewa Asante, the executive secretary of Ghana’s National Film Authority, emphasized the importance of such co-productions in bolstering the continent’s film industry. She highlighted the potential for pan-African collaborations to elevate storytelling and expand industry capabilities, echoing sentiments long advocated for by creators across Africa.

This initiative builds on previous successful collaborations between African studios, such as Nigeria’s Play Network Studios and Namibia’s Mondjila Studios, which worked together on “The Skeleton Coast,” set against Namibia’s distinctive Skeleton Coast backdrop. These partnerships not only enrich storytelling but also strengthen the continent’s cinematic landscape, reflecting diverse narratives and shared cultural experiences.

Toyin Abraham says she did not illegally detain anyone, she wants to die

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Toyin Abraham, a prominent Nollywood actress, recently addressed rumors during an Instagram live session on July 10, 2024, denying allegations that she had illegally arrested someone’s mother for defamation. She vehemently stated that she did not commit any crime and emphasized her exercise of democratic rights in responding to online bullying and defamation.

Expressing deep distress over the backlash she has faced, Abraham asserted her readiness to face any challenges and even expressed a willingness to die, figuratively speaking, alongside those who bully or defame her. She clarified that she had not arrested anyone’s mother but had instead filed a petition against individuals who had defamed her on social media.

Abraham has been vocal about the intense criticism and curses directed at her and her family, particularly following her public support for President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. She has consistently urged people not to involve her children in criticisms directed at her.

In conclusion, Abraham’s statements underscore her determination to defend herself against online harassment and defamation, emphasizing her stance against cyberbullying and her resolve to protect her reputation and family.

Delta residents refuse to collect 4,651 permanent driver’s licences – FRSC

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The Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC), Delta Command, has reported that as of the latest update, 4,651 permanent driver’s licences remain uncollected in Delta State. Muftau Irekeola, the state Sector Commander, disclosed this in an interview, highlighting that despite efforts to notify license holders through their next of kin, many have not retrieved their licenses.

Since the beginning of 2024, approximately 23,513 driver’s licences have been produced, but only 18,962 have been collected. Irekeola expressed concern over motorists who neglect to pick up their licences even after processing them. He emphasized the legal requirement of possessing a valid driver’s licence for driving in Nigeria, warning that failure to do so not only poses risks to road safety but also subjects offenders to severe legal consequences, including potential charges of manslaughter in cases involving accidents.

The FRSC intends to collaborate with the board of internal revenue on an “operation show your licence” initiative to enforce compliance among drivers in Asaba and ensure that those with temporary licences obtain their permanent ones promptly from the designated licencing offices.

Drama as lawmakers, women affairs minister exchange words in alleged corruption probe

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A dramatic confrontation unfolded between the House of Representatives Committee on Women Affairs and Social Development and Uju Kennedy-Ohanenye, the Minister of Women Affairs, during a session convened to address allegations of corruption. Led by Kafilat Ogbara, the committee had summoned the minister to clarify accusations surrounding the alleged misappropriation of N1.5 billion meant for contractor payments.

Tensions quickly escalated into a heated shouting match, with accusations flying from both sides. Ogbara pressed the minister with direct questions about the budget allocation for 2023 and whether the funds were properly disbursed to the ministry. Meanwhile, Marie Ebikake accused the minister of sidelining ministry staff, prompting Kennedy-Ohanenye to vehemently defend herself, protesting the allegations and asserting her independence.

The exchange grew increasingly contentious, with interruptions and strong statements exchanged, reflecting the deep-seated frustrations and allegations at play. Efforts to restore order were futile as the session remained fraught with tension and unresolved accusations.

LASG moves to translate Lagos laws into Yoruba with AI

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Yoruba serves as the predominant language of communication in Lagos State, despite its diverse population encompassing millions from various ethnic backgrounds.

The Lagos State Law Reform Commission recently organized a workshop aimed at utilizing Artificial Intelligence to translate the state’s laws into Yoruba. This initiative is part of the government’s broader efforts to enhance access to legal frameworks, improve operational efficiency, and ensure greater scalability of Lagos State laws.

The translation project aligns with Lagos State’s commitment to preserving and promoting Yoruba culture, as highlighted during the announcement of preparations for the upcoming Yoruba Week celebration in September. This festival is intended to provide a comprehensive exploration of Yoruba cultural heritage, incorporating traditional music, dance, art exhibitions, and traditional cuisine to foster cultural continuity and pride.

Idris Aregbe, the Special Adviser on Tourism, Arts, and Culture, emphasized that the Yoruba Week celebration is themed “Embracing the Yoruba Heritage, Unity, and Pride by Preserving Our Past and Inspiring Our Future,” underscoring its significance in transmitting cultural values to future generations.

Kaduna health workers suspend strike after reaching agreement with Government

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Health workers in Kaduna State have suspended their five-day warning strike following fruitful negotiations with the state government, resulting in the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). This development was announced in a communique issued by Nassa Yashi, the State Secretary of the National Association of Nigerian Nurses and Midwives (NANNM), on Wednesday.

Key points from the communique include:

1. **Negotiations and MOU Signing**: The health workers engaged in meaningful discussions with the government, leading to the signing of an MOU aimed at addressing their demands for improved welfare.

2. **Reason for Suspension**: The strike has been suspended to create an atmosphere for further negotiations and to allow the government time to fulfill its commitments under the MOU.

3. **Resumption of Duty**: Workers are expected to resume their normal duties immediately following the suspension of the strike.

4. **Appreciation and Readiness**: The State Administrative Council (SAC) expressed appreciation for the support and determination shown by the health workers during the struggle. Yashi reiterated the readiness of the health workers’ representatives to advocate for their members’ interests without compromise.

5. **Conditional Suspension**: The suspension of the strike is conditional on the government fulfilling its promises as outlined in the MOU. Should there be a failure to meet these commitments, the health workers reserve the right to resume their industrial action at an appropriate time.

Overall, the resolution marks a temporary cessation of the strike action as both parties work towards implementing the agreements reached in the MOU for the benefit of health workers in Kaduna State.

Governor Sanwo-Olu repairs 393 Lagos roads in first half of 2024

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The Lagos State Government, through the Lagos State Public Works Corporation (LSPWC), has undertaken significant road maintenance efforts in the first half of 2024. According to Tokunbo Ajanaku, the General Manager of LSPWC, a total of 393 roads across various local governments and Local Council Development Areas (LCDAs) have been repaired and rehabilitated. These efforts encompass a range of interventions from total reconstruction to routine maintenance and palliative measures.

Key highlights of the road maintenance activities include:

1. **Types of Interventions**: The LSPWC utilized approaches such as asphalt premix, interlocking paving stones, and palliative interventions to address road maintenance and rehabilitation needs.

2. **Scope of Work**: The interventions covered major reconstruction, rehabilitation, routine maintenance, and fixing of inner roads within public facilities. Specific examples include Eluku Street in Agbowa-Ikosi, Igbogbo-Baiyeku Road in Ikorodu, and various streets in Ikeja GRA, Oshodi, Surulere, and other areas across Lagos State.

3. **Completion and Progress**: By mid-year 2024, 69 major rehabilitation projects had been completed, with ongoing work on 15 roads undergoing total reconstruction across different local governments.

4. **Challenges and Mitigation**: Challenges such as heavy rainfall and cost-push inflation impacted project timelines and costs. Despite these challenges, the LSPWC continued to deploy resources to ensure road infrastructure improvements were implemented promptly.

5. **Routine Maintenance**: A total of 240 roads were routinely maintained to prevent minor issues like potholes from escalating into more significant road defects.

6. **Community Engagement**: Ajanaku emphasized the importance of community involvement in preserving road infrastructure, urging residents to collaborate with the government to prevent habits that contribute to road damage.

Overall, the Lagos State Government’s efforts reflect a commitment to enhancing road infrastructure across the state, addressing both immediate repair needs and long-term maintenance strategies to ensure safe and accessible roads for residents.

NCAA set to sanction airlines for false departure schedules

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The Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) has issued a stern warning to airlines engaging in deceptive departure time scheduling, stating that such actions will be met with serious regulatory consequences. The Acting Director-General, Capt. Chris Najomo, emphasized a zero-tolerance approach to regulatory infractions, stressing that airlines must adhere strictly to regulations regarding departure time displays both at their counters and on promotional materials.

Najomo underscored the NCAA’s commitment to facilitating a business-friendly environment for operators, including streamlined licensing processes aimed at enhancing efficiency. Despite these efforts, he highlighted that the authority expects airlines to reciprocate by delivering world-class services to passengers, ensuring transparency and reliability.

In a move to enforce compliance, the NCAA recently suspended permits for ten holders of Non-Commercial Flights (PHCF) for failure to comply with recertification advisories. Najomo clarified that these actions were taken in accordance with the Civil Aviation Act 2022 and reiterated the authority’s mandate to uphold safety, discipline, and economic regulation within the aviation sector.

Furthermore, the NCAA affirmed its resolve to combat illegal charter operations and debunked misconceptions surrounding recent regulatory actions, emphasizing their legal basis and commitment to industry transparency and accountability.

Governor Sanwo-Olu authorises release of 56 prisoners

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Governor Babajide Sanwo-Olu of Lagos State has authorized the release of 56 inmates from various correctional facilities in the state, along with the conversion of one death sentence to life imprisonment and the granting of a pardon to another inmate. This decision was made based on the advice of the Advisory Council on the Prerogative of Mercy and in accordance with Section 212 (1) (2) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria (as amended).

The statement issued by the state’s Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice, Lawal Pedro, SAN, highlighted that the Advisory Council meticulously reviewed each application for clemency, considering factors such as the nature of the offense, length of incarceration, age, health, and conduct of the inmates. The council’s recommendations were guided by established guidelines to ensure fairness and transparency in the decision-making process.

Governor Sanwo-Olu’s action aims to alleviate congestion in Lagos State correctional facilities as part of broader justice sector reforms. The release, commutation, and pardon orders were signed by the governor on June 25, 2024, underscoring the administration’s commitment to promoting justice and rehabilitation within the state’s correctional system.

Dangote not above parliament – Reps summon cement executives over price hike

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The House of Representatives Committee investigating the increase in cement prices in Nigeria has taken a strong stance, emphasizing that no individual or entity, including Alhaji Aliko Dangote and Dangote Cement, is above parliamentary scrutiny. The committee has summoned Dangote Cement’s management to address concerns over alleged arbitrary price hikes. During a recent hearing, committee members expressed dismay over the impact of these price increases on Nigerians, emphasizing the need for fair pricing practices.

The committee has issued a stern warning, threatening to arrest Dangote Cement’s management if they fail to appear at the next hearing. They have also summoned other stakeholders, including the Cement Manufacturers Association of Nigeria and the Central Bank of Nigeria, to discuss possible measures to alleviate the burden of high cement prices on consumers.

The committee’s chair, Rep. Jonathan Gaza, underscored the parliament’s authority to hold accountable those who neglect the interests of Nigerian citizens, stating that legislative powers will be exercised if necessary to ensure compliance with their directives.

Nigerian regions with the highest number of retail, trade businesses

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The informal economy plays a crucial role in Nigeria’s economic landscape, with approximately 40 million Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), of which nearly 90% operate within this informal sector. These businesses encompass a wide range of activities, including street vendors, petty traders, subsistence farmers, seasonal workers, domestic workers, and industrial outworkers. Despite being characterized as untaxed and unregistered, the informal economy significantly contributes to Nigeria’s economy.

According to the 2024 Informal Economy Report by Moniepoint, here are the regions in Nigeria with the highest concentration of retail and trade businesses within the informal sector:

1. **South-West:** Excluding Lagos state, the South-West region (Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ekiti, and Ondo states) constitutes 15.6% of Nigeria’s informal economy. Including Lagos, the entire South-West region accounts for 30.8% of the informal sector.

2. **South-South:** Comprising Akwa Ibom, Rivers, Bayelsa, Cross Rivers, Delta, and Edo states, the South-South region contributes 19.9% to Nigeria’s retail and trade businesses in the informal economy.

3. **North-Central:** Encompassing states like Benue, Kogi, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger, Plateau, and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), the North-Central region accounts for 16.8% of Nigeria’s informal economy.

4. **South-East:** Consisting of Enugu, Anambra, Imo, Abia, and Ebonyi states, the South-East region contributes 13.2% to Nigeria’s informal retail and trade businesses.

5. **North-West:** Including states such as Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Jigawa, Sokoto, and Zamfara, the North-West region accounts for 12.8% of Nigeria’s informal sector.

6. **North-East:** Represented by Adamawa, Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Taraba, and Yobe states, the North-East region contributes 6.6% to Nigeria’s informal economy.

These regions highlight the vast distribution and significant impact of informal businesses across Nigeria, despite their informal status. They provide essential goods and services, create employment opportunities, and contribute to local and national economic resilience.

How to make honey ginger chips

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Honey ginger chips are indeed a delightful and healthy snack option, combining the spicy warmth of ginger with the sweetness of honey. Here’s a step-by-step guide to making them at home:

### Ingredients:
– 1 large fresh ginger root
– 1/2 cup honey
– 2 cups water
– 1/4 cup sugar (optional, for coating)

### Instructions:

1. **Prepare the Ginger:**
– Peel the ginger root using a spoon or vegetable peeler.
– Slice the ginger into thin, uniform slices. A mandoline slicer works best, but a sharp knife can also be used.

2. **Boil the Ginger:**
– In a saucepan, bring 2 cups of water to a boil.
– Add the ginger slices to the boiling water and let them boil for about 10 minutes to soften them.
– Drain the ginger slices and pat them dry with a paper towel.

3. **Prepare the Honey Syrup:**
– In the same saucepan, combine the honey and 1/2 cup of water.
– Bring the mixture to a boil over medium heat, stirring occasionally until the honey is dissolved.

4. **Cook the Ginger:**
– Add the boiled ginger slices to the honey syrup.
– Reduce the heat to low and simmer for about 20-25 minutes, or until the ginger slices become translucent and the syrup thickens slightly.

5. **Dry the Ginger:**
– Preheat your oven to 200°F (93°C).
– Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a silicone baking mat.
– Using tongs or a slotted spoon, remove the ginger slices from the syrup and arrange them in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet.
– Optional: Sprinkle the ginger slices with a little sugar if you prefer sweeter chips.

6. **Bake the Ginger:**
– Place the baking sheet in the preheated oven.
– Bake the ginger slices for about 1.5 to 2 hours, or until they are dry and slightly crisp. Keep an eye on them to prevent burning.

7. **Cool and Store:**
– Remove the ginger chips from the oven and let them cool completely.
– Once cooled, they should be crisp. Store them in an airtight container at room temperature.

### Benefits:
– **Nutritional Value**: Ginger is known for its digestive and anti-inflammatory properties.
– **Healing Properties**: These chips can help soothe sore throats and coughs.
– **Flavor**: They make for a delicious snack or a flavorful addition to various recipes.

Enjoy your homemade honey ginger chips as a wholesome and satisfying treat!

fruits that can make your dark skin glow

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Achieving radiant, glowing skin for those with dark skin tones involves nourishing your body with the right nutrients. Here are five foods that can help enhance your skin’s natural glow:

1. **Avocados**:
– **Benefits**: Rich in healthy fats, vitamins E and C, and antioxidants.
– **Effects**: Hydrates the skin, reduces inflammation, and promotes a smooth complexion.

2. **Sweet Potatoes**:
– **Benefits**: Excellent source of beta-carotene, which converts to vitamin A in the body.
– **Effects**: Supports skin cell production and turnover, keeping skin fresh and vibrant. Provides antioxidant protection.

3. **Dark Leafy Greens** (e.g., spinach, kale, collard greens):
– **Benefits**: Packed with vitamins A, C, E, and K.
– **Effects**: Repairs damaged skin cells, boosts collagen production, and offers antioxidant defense for healthy, glowing skin.

4. **Berries** (e.g., blueberries, strawberries, blackberries):
– **Benefits**: High in antioxidants, especially vitamin C.
– **Effects**: Combats free radicals, reduces signs of aging, and supports collagen production for firm and elastic skin.

5. **Nuts and Seeds** (e.g., almonds, walnuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds):
– **Benefits**: Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin E, and other essential nutrients.
– **Effects**: Maintains skin’s lipid barrier for hydration, protects against oxidative stress, and helps maintain a radiant complexion.

Incorporating these nutrient-rich foods into your diet can significantly contribute to healthier, glowing skin. They provide essential vitamins, antioxidants, and fats that support skin elasticity, moisture balance, and overall skin health. By nourishing your body from within, you can achieve and maintain a luminous complexion naturally.

a phenomenal trick for storing food without clips and pins

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Here are two clever TikTok-inspired methods for securely storing opened food packages without traditional clips or rubber bands:

1. **Cereal Box or Crisp Packet Closure**:
– **Method**: For a cereal box, fold one flap inside the box, then bend the side walls inward. Slide the protruding flap of the box into the resulting gap to create a tight seal.
– **Benefits**: This method effectively seals the cereal box to keep its contents fresh.

2. **Iron-Sealing Method**:
– **Method**: This is ideal for products you rarely use but want to keep airtight. Fold the foil or plastic packaging, place a paper towel over it, and then iron it gently. The heat from the iron seals the packaging by melting the material slightly, cutting off air supply and protecting the food inside.
– **Benefits**: Provides an airtight seal using heat, which can be especially useful for items like snacks or dry goods.

These methods are practical and utilize items commonly found at home, offering quick solutions for preserving the freshness of opened food packages. They are particularly handy when clips or rubber bands are unavailable.

natural remedies to deep-cleanse your womb

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These natural remedies offer gentle yet effective ways to support womb health and overall reproductive wellness. Here’s a summary of the benefits and how to use each remedy:

1. **Herbal Teas**:
– **Key Herbs**: Red raspberry leaf, ginger, nettle.
– **Benefits**: Promote uterine cleansing, improve blood circulation, reduce inflammation, and support hormonal balance.
– **How to Use**: Brew a combination of these herbs in hot water for 10-15 minutes. Drink 1-2 cups daily, especially during the week leading up to and during your menstrual period.

2. **Castor Oil Packs**:
– **Benefits**: Stimulate circulation, reduce inflammation, aid in detoxification by removing old blood and residues from the uterus, and relieve menstrual cramps.
– **How to Use**: Soak a flannel cloth in castor oil, place it on your lower abdomen, cover with plastic wrap, and apply a heating pad or hot water bottle on top. Leave it on for about an hour, 3-4 times a week during the two weeks before your menstrual period.

3. **Yoni Steaming**:
– **Key Herbs**: Mugwort, calendula, basil.
– **Benefits**: Cleanses the uterus, balances hormones, reduces uterine congestion, and promotes overall reproductive health.
– **How to Use**: Boil water with the herbs, let it steep for 10 minutes, then pour into a bowl placed in a toilet or yoni steaming seat. Sit over the steam for 20-30 minutes, covering yourself with a towel to keep the steam contained. Practice once or twice a month, avoiding during menstruation and pregnancy.

These practices can contribute to better menstrual health, enhanced fertility, and a greater sense of overall well-being. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new health regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or concerns.

This kitchen ingredient will take your laundry life to a whole new level

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Citric acid is indeed a versatile and effective household cleaning agent that offers several benefits beyond its culinary uses. Here’s a breakdown of its various applications in cleaning:

1. **In the Washing Machine**: Citric acid can be used to clean and descale washing machines. Simply add about 120g of citric acid powder to the washing machine’s detergent compartment and run a regular cycle. This helps remove limescale buildup and keeps the machine clean and efficient.

2. **As a Laundry Aid**: Citric acid acts as a natural alternative to conventional fabric softeners and stain removers. For fabric softening, dissolve 2.5 tablespoons of citric acid in 100ml of warm water and add a few drops of essential oil for fragrance. This mixture can be added to the fabric softener compartment of your washing machine.

3. **For Stain Removal**: Due to its bleaching properties, citric acid is particularly effective for whitening white clothes. Add two tablespoons of citric acid powder directly to the washing machine along with your regular detergent to help keep whites bright and stain-free.

4. **General Household Cleaning**: Citric acid can be used to clean various household appliances such as dishwashers, electric kettles, and coffee machines. Its acidic nature helps dissolve limescale and mineral deposits, improving the efficiency and longevity of these appliances.

5. **Kitchen and Bathroom Cleaning**: It’s effective for cleaning sinks, toilets, and removing stubborn dirt and stains in both the kitchen and bathroom areas. Simply mix citric acid with warm water to create a cleaning solution that tackles grease, soap scum, and hard water deposits.

6. **Cleaning Utensils and Jewellery**: Citric acid can also be used to clean utensils, cups, cutlery, and even silver jewellery. Its mild abrasive and acidic properties help remove tarnish and restore shine without damaging delicate surfaces.

Overall, citric acid is a safe, natural, and economical alternative to traditional cleaning products, offering a wide range of applications for household cleaning and maintenance.

countries with the most billionaires in the world – how many are in African countries?

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As of recent reports, here’s how the distribution of billionaires looks across Africa:

1. **South Africa**: 6 billionaires
2. **Egypt**: 5 billionaires
3. **Nigeria**: 4 billionaires
4. **Morocco**: 3 billionaires
5. **Tanzania**, **Algeria**, **Zimbabwe**: 1 billionaire each

These numbers highlight the concentration of billionaire wealth in a few African countries. South Africa leads with the highest number of billionaires on the continent, followed by Egypt and Nigeria. Morocco also features prominently with three billionaires, contributing to Africa’s overall billionaire count.

Compared to global figures where countries like the United States and China have hundreds of billionaires each, Africa’s billionaire population is relatively smaller but still significant in its economic impact within their respective countries and regions.