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The Federal Government of Nigeria is making strides toward de-criminalizing attempted suicide, according to Prof. Muhammed Pate, the Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare. This announcement came during a news conference in Abuja on September 14, 2024, marking World Suicide Prevention Day, which had the theme “Changing the Narrative on Suicide.”
Key Points:
- Current Legal Framework: Under Section 327 of the Criminal Code Act, attempted suicide is currently classified as a misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in prison. There have been calls from various stakeholders to revise this law.
- New Strategic Framework: The ministry has introduced the National Suicide Strategic Framework (2023-2030), which aims to enhance mental health support and prevent suicides. This framework identifies risk factors, strategic objectives, and interventions in line with global best practices.
- Focus on Support Over Punishment: Prof. Pate emphasized that instead of punishment, the focus should be on providing support and avoiding sensationalism in reporting. The goal is to foster an environment where individuals receive help rather than ostracization.
- Collaboration with Legal Authorities: The Ministry of Health and Social Welfare is working with the Office of the Attorney-General and other partners to address the legal aspects of suicide and de-criminalize attempted suicide.
- Suicide Statistics: Nigeria has a suicide rate of 12.9 per 100,000 people, with the highest rates among individuals aged 15 to 29. Suicide is a leading cause of death in this age group in Africa. The data may not fully capture the prevalence due to stigma and reporting challenges.
- Mental Health Link: There is a strong connection between suicide and mental health conditions such as depression and alcohol use disorders. Many suicides occur impulsively during crises, such as financial problems or relationship issues.
- Global Observance and Call to Action: Dr. Walter Mulombo, WHO Country Representative, highlighted the importance of shifting from silence and stigma to openness and support. The global observance aims to raise awareness and encourage conversations about suicide prevention.
The initiative reflects Nigeria’s commitment to improving mental health support and creating a more empathetic and supportive society for individuals struggling with mental health issues.